Process of and device for locating ore



April 29', 1924.

1,491,900 D. G. cHlLsoN PROCESS OF AND DEVICE FOR LOCATING ORE Original Filed March 25. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 2.5 y s 7|" mlm- 3mm EAQLQOO original Filed March 25. 1922 2 sheets-snee; a

Jilll l 82 A E .9a 8O;942 5.5 B 67 612\ 56 y .p QhMC-qqm 4f 97 @9 Z l 06 4o Patented Apr. 29, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL G. CHILSON, 0F JEROME, ARIZONA, ASSIGNOR TO THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, 0F TUCSON, ARIZONA.

PROCESS 0F AND DEVICE FOR LOCATING ORE.

Application led March 25,1922, Serial No. 546,752.l Renewed February-25, 1924.

To all whom t may concern: l

Be it known that I, DANIEL G. CHILSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Jerome, in the county of Yavapai and State of Arizona, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of and Devices for Locating Ore, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to ore locating devices, and has as an object the provision of an apparatus and. process which will make it possibleto locateunknown ore deposits, andto determine the extent of known ore deposits.

Illustrative embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic showing of a complete apparatus showing the application of the s ame to a known deposit of ore;

Fig. 2 is one form of electrifyin device;

Figs. 3, 4 and 5-are different orms,I of listening apparatus; l

Figs. 6, 7 and 8 show forms of electrifying apparatus.

While it is possible to operate the apparatus by applying the electrifying device to two grounded contacts where the location of the ore is not known, yet it is preferred, as illustrated in Fig. 1, to apply the electrifying device to one contact 10 in connection with a' known body of ore, and a second ground 11 at any place adjacent thereto.

The form of electrifying device shown in Fig. 1 comprises a buzzer 12, one terminal of which is connected with a source of energy 13, and the other terminal to a pivoted armature at 14, which is normally aga-inst a back contact 15, which in turn is connected by means of wires 16, 17, with a switch 18, normally open. A wire.19 leads `from the switch to the source of energy 13. In shunt with the buzzer are the grounded contacts 10 and 11 connected by means of wires 20,21

Irespectively. The making and breaking o the buzzer circuit by its automatic action will cause electromagnetic waves to be applied to the earth through grounded contacts 10 and 11', which electromagnetic waves will be radiated'from the body--of ore 22. If a proper listening apparatus be connected between two other grounded contacts, as 23, 24, which may be separated a distance of from less than 10 to more than 100 feet, the waves aecting a telephone receiver 25 con- 55 nected in the listening device will vary in intensity as the contacts are` applied to the ground nearer o1 fart-her from a subterranean body of ore.

The body of ore to,v which the' contact 10 60 may be applied may have its limits plotted with a close app-roximationby the use of a listening device, and unknown ore bodies in the vicinity at variable but -considerable distances from the known ore body with which contact was made may be located since they appear to act as independent sources of electromagnetic Waves, and the intensity of sound in the receiver increases as. the separate bodies of'ore are ap-proached and is 70 greatest when the contacts 23, 24 are applied to the ground directly thereover. In this manner the extent of the separate ore bodies as Well as their locationcan be determined.

To avoid confusion with extraneous sounds it is-desirable Ito have the electriication of the grounded contacts of the electrifying device intermittent. An apparatus which is convenient for this purpose is shown in Fig. 2 wherein the buzzer 12` is uti- 80 lized, as in thedevice shown in. Fig. 1. beingconnected by means ot wires 27, 28 to battery 13, and by means of vwires 29 to movable contact 30, the backcontact 31 being. connected by means of wires 32, 33 to con- 85 tact 34. A centralcontact 35 iscarried preferably by a spring extension upon the pivot of a pendulum 36 having a weight 37 which may be adjustable; The pivot 38 of the pendulum is connected by a wire 39 with the 90 battery 13.4 Carried bythe .pendulum rod 36 is a core 40 projecting into a solenoid 41 which solenoid is connected by wire 42 with a contact 43 placed adjacent to the removable contaet 35 and by wire 44 to wire 28 and 96 battery 13. In shunt with the buzzer 12 are the ground contacts 10 and 11, as in the device of Fig. 1. 1

lWhen it is desired to start the device of' Fig. 2 into operation the pendulum 37 may 100 Vby its own weight will break the circuit de# scribed by separation o-f contact-s 34, 35 and will close contacts 35, 43, at the same time withdrawing the core 40 from the solenoid.

The closing of the contacts mentioned will complete a circuit from battery 13 through wires 28, 44, solenoid 4l, wire 42, contacts 43,35, pivot 38, wire 39, to battery, thus energizing solenoid 41 and drawing 1n the core A40. The movement of the core 40 `will be sluggish, due to the momentum of the pendulum bob 37, and the period of the pendulum .may be adjusted by moving the bob 37. As the core 40 is drawn into the solenoid the solenoid circuit will be broken and the buzzer circuit again made, thus providing a series of pulsations of electromagnetic waves. A suitable form of listening device is shown in Fig. 5, in which 45 is a vacuum tube of a well known construction having a filament 46, grid 47 and a plate 48. To heat the filament 46 a battery 49 is connected thereto by means of wires 50, 51, 52, an adjustable resistance 53 being placed in the circuit for the purposef of adjusting the temperature of the filament 46, according to well known practice.

The ground contacts 10, 11 are connected between the grid 47 and the filament 46 and ya high' potential battery is connected between the filament 46 and the plate 48. If desired the telephone receiver 25 maybe connected directly in this circuit. The receiving device may be made more delicate however by the provision of an amplifying coil having its primary 55 connected in circuit with the high potential battery 54, the filament and plate and a secondary coil 56 connected at one terminal with the grid 57 of a second vacuum vtube 58, and its other terminal with the filament 59 thereof. To light the filament of tube 58 a battery 60 is shown, and if still further amplification of the currents is desired the plate 61 of the vacuum tube 58 may be 'connected to primary 62 of a' second amplification coil, which coil is connected with the high potential battery 63 which in turn is connected with the filament 59. 1 The secondary coil 64 of the second amplifying coil is shown connected to ther` grid 65 ofva third vacuum tube 66, which tube has a telephone receiver 25 connected in circuit with its filament andplate. iWhen the contacts 10 and l1' of`th-is apparatus are applied to the ground even very faint waves will be perceptible through said ltelephone receiver 25',

nected in circuit with a high potential battery 71, the plate 72 and filament G9. It is found that electromagnetic waves in the earth over which this apparatus is carried are most appreciable when the free end of the. spiral points directly away from an ore body. A' straight piece of wire may be used instead of the spiral 70 but with inferior results. A second form of listening apparatus which does Vnot necessitate grounded contacts is shown in Fig. 4,. in which a pick-up coil 73 is connected in circuit with the filament and grid 74 of a vacu- -um tube 75, which is rovided with the usual-battery 76 for lig ting its filament, and in which the plate circuit is energized by the high potential battery 77 having the telephone receiver 25 in the plate circuit.

The signals received by this form of apparatus will be loudest when the pick-up coil 73 is held perpendicular to the ore body and Will'increase in intensity as the posi tion over the ore body is approached. It will be understood that the primary of an amplifying coil may be connected, instead of the telephone receiver 25, in either of the forms of apparat-us shown in Figs. 3 or 4l with the secondary thereof in circuit with the grid of a second vacuum tube after the practice illustrated in Fig. 5.

.It is ossible to detect the electromagnetic waves y the simple apparatus shown in Fig. l, comprising merely the grounded contacts 23, 24, connected to a telephone receiver 25. The distance fromfthe ore body will be readily indicated in this form of the device by the distance which it is necessary to separate the contacts 23, 24 in order to detect the sound in the receiver. The strength of the signal will also vary, de pending upon whether a line connecting the ground contacts 23, 24 is parallel to the strike of the ore body or perpendicular thereto, or in some intermediate position.

Modified forms of electrifying devices are shownin Figs. 6, 7 and 8. The device of Fig. K6 is conveniently portable and yet delivers more current than a buzzer with greater flexibility for measurements. This device comprises a vacuum tube 78 provided with the filament-T9, adjustable resistance 80, and filament lighting battery 81. The primary winding 82 of an audio l'lO frequency transformer is shown as -con` nected to the plate 83 of the vacuum tube and to a high potential battery 84 by means of wires 85 and 86 respectively. The battery 84 is shown as connected to the filament 79 by means of Wires 87, 88 and also to one terminal of the battery 81 by means of wire 87. An intermediate winding 89 f means of wires 95, 96, to battery 8l at an intermediate point thereof, a condenser 97 being placed between wires 95, 96. A third coil 98 of the transformer has its terminals connected to the ground contacts 10 and 11.

The combination of circuits described, is. as is well known, unbalanced, and will give rise to fluctuations of currents which will produce electromagnetic waves projecting from the grounded contacts 10 and 11 when the capacity of the variable condenser 93 is properly adjusted. If the values of the different portions of the circuit are correct without an adjustment by thev condenser 93 this condenser may be omitted.

The forms of electrify/ing device shown in Figures 7 .and 8 comprise alternating vcurrent generators, as at 99 and 100. The

form of Fig. 7 shows the generator 99 connected to the terminals of one coil 100 of a transformer with a circuit closer in the circuitat 101. To protect the coil 100 a pair of condensers 102 and 103 are connected in the circuit, upon each side of the coil 100, the lsecond plates of which condensers are grounded as at 104. The other coil 105 ofthe transformer is shown as connected to one side of a spark -gap 106 A and the ground at 11 with a condenser 108 connected in shunt of coil'105. yThe other side of the spark gap 106 is connected to the ground contactlO. It is possible to use the generator, as shown at 100, in Fig. 8, with simply a circuit closer 107 and the ground contacts 10 and 11. By use of the desired one of the forms of electrifying devices with the desired form -of listening devicejthe extent of known ore deposits as well as the dips and the strikes of known bodies of ore may. be determined. Also known bodies of ore maybe located and their extent as wellas their L.dips and strikes may be determined.

When the form ofv listening device of Fig. 3 is used the depth of a body of ore below the surface may be roughly determined by holding the spiral at points whose distance apart is known and by noting the is connected to.

angle at which the spiral must be held to cause the loudest sounds in the receiver.

All the forms of apparatus shown operate better with so-called sulphide ores than with other ores.

Minor changes may be made in the physical embodiment of the invention and the steps of the process without departing from the spirit.

I claim as my invention:

1. vThe process of locating or exploring bodies of ore comprising applying a contact to the earth and a second contact to a known body of ore, connectingan electromagnetic wave producing device between said contacts, placing an electromagnetic wave detecting device at points distant from the point of contact with the known body of ore and determining the presence or absence of bodies of ore adjacent such distant points by the intensity of the electromagnetic waves at those points.

2. The process of locating or exploring bodies of ore which comprise transmitting electromagnetic Waves from a known body of ore, placing an electromagnetic wave detecting device at a point distant from the known location of the body of'ore aforesaid and determining the outlines or absence of an adjacent body of ore by noting the strength of received electromagnetic waves.

3. The process of locating or exploring bodies of .ore which comprises transmitting electromagnetic wavesfrom a known body of ore, in-termitting the production of said waves at appreciable intervals, placing an electromagnetic wave detecting device at points adjacent the surface of the earth and distant from the known location of the body of ore aforesaid and determining the outlines or absence of an underlying body of ore by noting the strength of recelved electromagnetic waves.

4. Apparatus for ore location comprising. in combination, a buzzer, one coil terminal of said buzzer connected to a source of energy and the other coil terminal connected to a movable armature, a contact adapted to be grounded and connected to one of said terminals, the second pole of said source of energy connected to the back contact of said buzzer and to a second contact adaptedA in combination, a buzzer, a solenoid, a

source of electrical energy, one coil terminal of said buzzer connected to said source of energy, the other coll -termmal connected to the movable armature of the buzzer, with said movable con-tact, one of said staone of said lterminals also connected to the tionary contacts connected to the back con- 10 solenoid, a Contact adapted to be grounded tact of said buzzer, the other to said soleand connected to one of said terminals, a-A noid, a Contact adapted to be grounded conpendulum, a core for said solenoid connectnected yto said last named stationary coned to said pendulum, a movable Contact cartact, said pendulum connected to the source ried by said pendulum, a pair of stationof energy.

ary contacts adapted to coact alternately DANIEL Gr. CHILSON. 

